PIERWSZA OSOBA LICZBY POJEDYNCZEJ:
I, me
INNE OSOBY:
you, we, they, he, she, it
ASPEKT SIMPLE
ZMIENNA KOGNITYWNA: ON (po polsku NA)
THE SIMPLE AFFIRMATIVE
FUTURE SIMPLE AFFIRMATIVE:
I will write.
Forma krótka
I’ll write.
INNE OSOBY:
You (we, they, he, she, it) will write.
Forma krótka
You’ll (we’ll, they’ll, he’ll, she’ll, it’ll) write.
*****
PRESENT SIMPLE AFFIRMATIVE:
I write.
INNE OSOBY
You (we, they) write.
He (she, it) writes.
*****
PAST SIMPLE AFFIRMATIVE:
I wrote.
INNE OSOBY
You (we, they, he, she, it) wrote.
*****
THE SIMPLE INTERROGATIVE
FUTURE SIMPLE INTERROGATIVE:
Will I write?
INNE OSOBY:
Will you (we, they, he, she, it) write?
*****
PRESENT SIMPLE INTERROGATIVE:
Do I write?
INNE OSOBY
Do you (we, they) write?
Does he (she, it) write?
*****
PAST SIMPLE INTERROGATIVE:
Did I write?
INNE OSOBY
Did you (we, they, he, she, it) write?
*****
THE SIMPLE NEGATIVE
FUTURE SIMPLE NEGATIVE:
I will not write.
Forma krótka
I won’t write.
INNE OSOBY:
You (we, they, he, she, it) will not write.
Forma krótka
You (we, they, he, she, it) won’t write.
*****
PRESENT SIMPLE NEGATIVE:
I do not write.
Forma krótka
I don’t write.
INNE OSOBY:
You (we, they) do not write.
He (she, it) does not write.
Forma krótka
You (we, they) don’t write.
He (she, it) doesn’t write.
*****
PAST SIMPLE NEGATIVE:
I did not write.
Forma krótka
I didn’t write.
INNE OSOBY:
You (we, they, he, she, it) did not write.
Forma krótka
You (we, they, he, she, it) didn’t write.
*****
THE SIMPLE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
FUTURE SIMPLE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE:
Will I not write?
Forma krótka
Won’t I write?
INNE OSOBY:
Will you (we, they, he, she, it) not write?
Forma krótka
Won’t you (we, they, he, she, it) write?
*****
PRESENT SIMPLE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE:
Do I not write?
Forma krótka
Don’t I write?
INNE OSOBY:
Do you (we, they) not write?
Does he (she, it) not write?
Forma krótka
Don’t you (we, they) write?
Doesn’t he (she, it) write?
*****
PAST SIMPLE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE:
Did I not write?
Forma krótka
Didn’t I write?
INNE OSOBY
Did you (we, they, he, she, it) not write?
Forma krótka
Didn’t you (we, they, he, she, it) write?
*****
ASPEKT PROGRESSIVE
ZMIENNA KOGNITYWNA: IN (po polsku W)
THE PROGRESSIVE AFFIRMATIVE
FUTURE PROGRESSIVE AFFIRMATIVE:
I will be writing.
Forma krótka
I’ll be writing.
INNE OSOBY
You (we, they, he, she, it) will be writing.
Forma krótka
You’ll be (we’ll be, they’ll be, he’ll be, she’ll be, it’ll be) writing.
*****
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE AFFIRMATIVE:
I am writing.
Forma krótka
I’m writing.
INNE OSOBY
You (we, they) are writing.
He (she, it) is writing.
Forma krótka
You’re (we’re, they’re) writing.
He’s (she’s, it’s) writing.
*****
PAST PROGRESSIVE AFFIRMATIVE:
I was writing.
INNE OSOBY:
You (we, they) were writing.
He (she, it) was writing.
*****
THE PROGRESSIVE INTERROGATIVE
FUTURE PROGRESSIVE INTERROGATIVE:
Will I be writing?
INNE OSOBY
Will you (we, they, he, she, it) be writing?
*****
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE INTERROGATIVE:
Am I writing?
INNE OSOBY
Are you (we, they) writing?
Is he (she, it) writing?
*****
PAST PROGRESSIVE INTERROGATIVE:
Was I writing?
INNE OSOBY
Were you (we, they) writing?
Was he (she, it) writing?
*****
THE PROGRESSIVE NEGATIVE
FUTURE PROGRESSIVE NEGATIVE:
I will not be writing.
Forma krótka
I won’t be writing.
INNE OSOBY
You (we, they, he, she, it) will not be writing.
Forma krótka
You (we, they, he, she, it) won’t be writing.
*****
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE NEGATIVE:
I am not writing.
Forma krótka
I’m not writing.
INNE OSOBY
You (we, they) are not writing.
He (she, it) is not writing.
Forma krótka
You’re not (we’re not, they’re not) writing.
He’s not (she’s not, it’s not) writing.
Bądź też
You (we, they) aren’t writing.
He (she, it) isn’t writing.
*****
PAST PROGRESSIVE NEGATIVE:
I was not writing.
Forma krótka
I wasn’t writing.
INNE OSOBY
You (we, they) were not writing.
He (she, it) was not writing.
Forma krótka
You (we, they) weren’t writing.
He (she, it) wasn’t writing.
*****
THE PROGRESSIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
FUTURE PROGRESSIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE:
Will I not be writing?
Forma krótka
Won’t I be writing?
INNE OSOBY:
Will you (we, they, he, she, it) not be writing?
Forma krótka
Won’t you (we, they, he, she, it) be writing?
*****
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE:
Am I not writing?
(Nie ma standardowej formy krótkiej;
jest jedynie forma potoczna “ain’t”.)
INNE OSOBY:
Are you (we, they) not writing?
Is he (she, it) not writing?
Forma krótka
Aren’t you (we, they) writing?
Isn’t he (she, it) writing?
*****
PAST PROGRESSIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE:
Was I not writing?
Forma krótka
Wasn’t I writing?
INNE OSOBY:
Were you (we, they) not writing?
Was he (she, it) not writing?
Forma krótka
Weren’t you (we, they) writing?
Wasn’t he (she, it) writing?
*****
ASPEKT PERFECT
ZMIENNA KOGNITYWNA: TO (po polsku DO)
THE PERFECT AFFIRMATIVE
FUTURE PERFECT AFFIRMATIVE:
I will have written.
Forma krótka
I’ll have written.
INNE OSOBY
You (we, they, he, she, it) will have written.
Forma krótka
You’ll have (we’ll have, they’ll have, he’ll have, she’ll have, it’ll have) written.
*****
PRESENT PERFECT AFFIRMATIVE:
I have written.
Forma krótka
I’ve written.
INNE OSOBY
You (we, they) have written.
He (she, it) has written.
Forma krótka
You’ve (we’ve, they’ve) written.
He’s (she’s, it’s) written.
*****
PAST PERFECT AFFIRMATIVE:
I had written.
Forma krótka
I’d written.
INNE OSOBY
You (we, they, he, she, it) had written.
Forma krótka
You ’d (we’d, they’d, he’d, she’d) written.
Nie było i nie ma w praktyce formy jak * “it’d”;
jest fonologicznie nieprawdopodobna. Używamy zawsze formy pełnej, np. It (the computer) had written it would surrender.
*****
THE PERFECT INTERROGATIVE
FUTURE PERFECT INTERROGATIVE
Will I have written?
INNE OSOBY
Will you (we, they, he, she, it) have written?
*****
PRESENT PERFECT INTERROGATIVE
Have I written?
INNE OSOBY
Have you (we, they) written?
Has he (she, it) written?
*****
PAST PERFECT INTERROGATIVE
Had I written?
INNE OSOBY
Had you (we, they, he, she, it) written?
*****
THE PERFECT NEGATIVE
FUTURE PERFECT NEGATIVE
I will not have written.
Forma krótka
I won’t have written.
INNE OSOBY
You (we, they, he, she, it) will not have written.
Forma krótka
You (we, they, he, she, it) won’t have written.
*****
PRESENT PERFECT NEGATIVE
I have not written.
Forma krótka
I haven’t written.
INNE OSOBY
You (we, they) have not written.
He (she, it) has not written.
Forma krótka
You (we, they) haven’t written.
He (she, it) hasn’t written.
*****
PAST PERFECT NEGATIVE
I had not written.
Forma krótka
I hadn’t written.
INNE OSOBY
You (we, they, he, she, it) had not written.
Forma krótka
You (we, they, he, she, it) hadn’t written.
*****
THE PERFECT NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
FUTURE PERFECT NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
Will I not have written?
Forma krótka
Won’t I have written?
INNE OSOBY
Will you (we, they, he, she, it) not have written?
Forma krótka
Won’t you (we, they, he, she, it) have written?
*****
PRESENT PERFECT NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
Have I not written?
Forma krótka
Haven’t I written?
INNE OSOBY
Have you (we, they) not written?
Has he (she, it) not written?
Forma krótka
Haven’t you (we, they) written?
Hasn’t he (she, it) written?
*****
PAST PERFECT NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
Had I not written?
Forma krótka
Hadn’t I written?
INNE OSOBY
Had you (we, they, he, she, it) not written?
Forma krótka
Hadn’t you (we, they, he, she, it) written?
*****
ASPEKT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
ZMIENNA KOGNITYWNA: AT (po polsku PRZY)
THE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE AFFIRMATIVE
FUTURE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE AFFIRMATIVE
I will have been writing.
Forma krótka
I’ll have been writing.
INNE OSOBY
You (we, they, he, she, it) will have been writing.
Forma krótka
You’ll have been (we’ll have been, they’ll have been, he’ll have been, she’ll have been, it’ll have been) writing.
*****
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE AFFIRMATIVE
I have been writing.
Forma krótka
I’ ve been writing.
INNE OSOBY
You (we, they) have been writing.
He (she, it) has been writing.
Forma krótka
You’ve been (we’ve been, they’ve been) writing.
He’s been (she’s been, it’s been) writing.
*****
PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE AFFIRMATIVE
I had been writing.
Forma krótka
I’ d been writing.
INNE OSOBY
You (we, they, he, she, it) had been writing.
Forma krótka
You’d been (we’d been, they’d been, he’d been, she’d been) writing.
Jak przy wzorcu Perfect Simple, forma “it’d been” nie jest praktykowana.
*****
THE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE INTERROGATIVE
FUTURE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE INTERROGATIVE
Will I have been writing?
INNE OSOBY
Will you (we, they, he, she, it) have been writing?
*****
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE INTERROGATIVE
Have I been writing?
INNE OSOBY
Have you (we, they) been writing?
Has he (she, it) been writing?
*****
PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE INTERROGATIVE
Had I been writing?
INNE OSOBY
Had you (we, they, he, she, it) been writing?
*****
THE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE NEGATIVE
FUTURE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE NEGATIVE
I will not have been writing.
Forma krótka
I won’t have been writing.
INNE OSOBY
You (we, they, he, she, it) will not have been writing.
Forma krótka
You (we, they, he, she, it) won’t have been writing.
*****
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE NEGATIVE
I have not been writing.
Forma krótka
I haven’t been writing.
INNE OSOBY
You (we, they) have not been writing.
He (she, it) has not been writing.
Forma krótka
You (we, they) haven’t been writing.
He (she, it) hasn’t been writing.
*****
PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE NEGATIVE
I had not been writing.
Forma krótka
I hadn’t been writing.
INNE OSOBY
You (we, they, he, she, it) had not been writing.
Forma krótka
You (we, they, he, she, it) hadn’t been writing.
*****
THE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
FUTURE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
Will I not have been writing?
Forma krótka
Won’t I have been writing?
INNE OSOBY
Will you (we, they, he, she, it) not have been writing?
Forma krótka
Won’t you (we, they, he, she, it) have been writing?
*****
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
Have I not been writing?
Forma krótka
Haven’t I been writing?
INNE OSOBY
Have you (we, they) not been writing?
Has he (she, it) not been writing?
Forma krótka
Haven’t you (we, they) been writing?
Hasn’t he (she, it) been writing?
*****
PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
Had I not been writing?
Forma krótka
Hadn’t I been writing?
INNE OSOBY
Had you (we, they, he, she, it) not been writing?
Forma krótka
Hadn’t you (we, they, he, she, it) been writing?
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